Usually, as part of the scientific method, one conducts preliminary testing and uses that as a prompt for further research. Things like a two tailed t-test, for example, can’t tell you the direction of change but only that there is a change.
Or, you notice a pattern while doing other research, and then start another experiment to do proper statistical analysis.
The claim of “faking research” is an extremely serious one, and may be considered libelous.
Regarding nicotine only being mildly harmful, would you care to address any of the numerous studies I linked earlier to address that claim?
Usually, as part of the scientific method, one conducts preliminary testing and uses that as a prompt for further research. Things like a two tailed t-test, for example, can’t tell you the direction of change but only that there is a change.
Or, you notice a pattern while doing other research, and then start another experiment to do proper statistical analysis.
The claim of “faking research” is an extremely serious one, and may be considered libelous.
Regarding nicotine only being mildly harmful, would you care to address any of the numerous studies I linked earlier to address that claim?